Variance Detection between Heterogeneous Computer Systems

ABSTRACT

In some implementations a computer-accessible medium includes a multimedia-document integration module that includes a heterogeneous distinction identifier between a first multimedia-document and a second multimedia-document and includes an integrator of the first multimedia-document and the second multimedia-document into an integrated multimedia-document, a data capture module that includes a data-extractor of the integrated multimedia-document, a query module that includes a query-generator encapsulated in a corresponding number of enquiry/inquiry transmissions, the enquiry/inquiry transmissions being short-message-service text-messages, a communication-subsystem that includes a transmitter of the enquiry/inquiry transmissions to an external device and receiver of an acknowledgement transmission or a negative-acknowledgement transmission from the external device, the acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement transmission being a short-message-service text-message, and, a variance analytic module that includes a generator of quantitative variance from the acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement transmission, the quantitative variance describing statistical variances and discrepancies within the first multimedia-document and within the second multimedia-document and between the first multimedia-document and the second multimedia-document.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 15/242,268 filed on19 Aug. 2016 having docket eAffirm.0001 and patented on 24 Oct. 2017 asU.S. Pat. No. 9,798,725.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to an architecture between computersystems, and more particularly to managing status and affirmationbetween heterogeneous computer systems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The organization of heterogeneous computer systems is extraordinarilyconfusing. The nature and description of the systems is difficult toascertain by either a computer-implemented process or an animate entity.As a result, the process from one location to another can be convoluted,disorganized, delayed, erroneous and sometimes the entire process is notcompleted.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, computer-accessible medium to exchange information in apredetermined architecture of interchange of multimedia documentsbetween heterogeneous computer systems, the computer-accessible mediumcomprising: a multimedia document integration module that receives afirst multimedia document and a second multimedia document, the firstmultimedia document and the second multimedia document are received fromheterogeneous computer systems, the first multimedia document and thesecond multimedia document having heterogeneous file formats, the firstmultimedia document has a heterogeneous internal organization to thesecond multimedia document, the multimedia document integration moduleidentifying heterogeneous distinctions and then integrating the firstmultimedia document and the second multimedia document into anintegrated multimedia document, generating an integrated multimediadocument; a data capture module that receives the integrated multimediadocument from the multimedia document integration module and extractsdata from the integrated multimedia document, generating extracted data,a query module that receives the extracted data from the data capturemodule and generates one or more queries that are encapsulated in acorresponding number of enquiry/inquiry transmissions, theenquiry/inquiry transmissions being short-message-service text messages,a communication subsystem that receives the enquiry/inquirytransmissions and that transmits the enquiry/inquiry transmissions to anexternal device and receives an acknowledgement transmission or anegative-acknowledgement transmission from the external device, theacknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement transmission being ashort-message-service text message, and that stores theacknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement transmission in an externalinteraction database; and, a variance analytic module that retrieves theacknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement transmission from the externalinteraction database and that generates a quantitative variance from theacknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement transmission, the quantitativevariance describing statistical variances and discrepancies within thefirst multimedia document and within the second multimedia document andbetween the first multimedia document and the second multimediadocument, wherein the multimedia document integration module furthercomprises an aggregator of the first multimedia document and the secondmultimedia document into a folder data structure, the folder datastructure being on a computer-accessible medium, wherein theacknowledgement transmission further comprises a single charactermessage indicating acknowledgement of the corresponding enquiry/inquirytransmission, wherein a negative-acknowledgement transmission is notimplemented, but instead an absence of an acknowledgement transmissionfrom the external device is interpreted by the communication subsystemas a negative-acknowledgement transmission, wherein each multimediadocument further comprises a form-fillable device-independent document,wherein the first multimedia document further comprises a first textdocument, wherein the second multimedia document further comprise asecond text document.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an overview of a multimedia documentinterchange variance detection system to exchange information in apredetermined architecture of multimedia object interchange, accordingto an implementation.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an implementation of an apparatus of avariance detection system, according to an implementation.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a variance detection server, according toan implementation.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a hand-held device, according to animplementation.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a hardware and operating computing systemin which different implementations can be practiced, according to animplementation.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a solid-state image transducer, accordingto an implementation.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the wireless communication subsystem,according to an implementation.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a tablet computer, according to animplementation.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a multimedia document interchange variancedetection system to exchange information in a predetermined architectureof multimedia object interchange, according to an implementation.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a database entity relationship system,according to an implementation.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a method of multimedia documentinterchange variance detection, according to an implementation.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a method of discrepancy detection,according to an implementation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the following detailed description, reference is made to theaccompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown byway of illustration specific implementations which may be practiced.These implementations are described in sufficient detail to enable thoseskilled in the art to practice the implementations, and it is to beunderstood that other implementations may be utilized and that logical,mechanical, electrical and other changes may be made without departingfrom the scope of the implementations. The following detaileddescription is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.

The detailed description is divided into five sections. In the firstsection, a system level overview is described. In the second section,implementations of apparatus are described. In the third section, methodimplementations are described. In the fourth section, a conclusion ofthe detailed description is provided.

System Level Overview

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an overview of a multimedia documentinterchange variance detection system 100 to exchange information in apredetermined architecture of multimedia object interchange, accordingto an implementation.

The multimedia document interchange variance detection system 100receives a multimedia document 110 and optionally another multimediadocument 120 into a multimedia document integration module 130. Themultimedia document integration module 130 integrates the multimediadocument 110 and the multimedia document 120, generating an integratedmultimedia document 135. In some implementations, the multimediadocument 110 and the multimedia document 120 are received fromheterogeneous computer systems and have heterogeneous file formats. Insome implementations, the multimedia document 110 has a heterogeneousinternal organization to the multimedia document 120. The heterogeneousdistinctions are identified before generating the integrated multimediadocument 135.

The integrated multimedia document 135 is received by a data capturemodule 140 and extracts data 145 from the integrated multimedia document135. A query module 150 receives the extracted data 145 from the datacapture module 140 and generates one or more queries that areencapsulated in a corresponding number of ENQ (enquiry/inquiry)transmission(s) 160. The ENQ transmission(s) 160 are received by acommunication subsystem 170, the communication subsystem 170 transmitsthe ENQ transmission(s) 160 to an external device (such as client device204 as described in greater detail in FIG. 2) and the external device(e.g. client devices 204) responds with an ACK (acknowledgement) messageor a NACK (negative [not] acknowledgement) transmission 175. In someimplementations, the ENQ transmission 160 and the ACK/NACK transmission175 are short-message-service (SMS) text messages, as defined in RFC1568, RFC 1645 and RFC 1861 published by the Internet Engineering TaskForce (https://www.ietf.org). In some implementations, the ACK messageis a single character message indicating acknowledgement of thecorresponding ENQ transmission 160. In some implementations, a NACKtransmission is not implemented, but instead the absence of an ACKtransmission from the external device is interpreted by thecommunication subsystem 170 as a NACK transmission. The ACK/NACKtransmission 175 is stored in an interaction database 210. A varianceanalytic module 190 retrieves the ACK/NACK transmission 175 from theinteraction database 210 and the variance analytic module 190 generatesa quantitative variance 195 from the retrieved ACK/NACK transmission175. The quantitative variance 195 describes statistical variances anddiscrepancies within the multimedia document 110 and within themultimedia document 120 and between the multimedia document 110 and themultimedia document 120.

Apparatus Implementation

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an implementation of an apparatus of avariance detection system 200, according to an implementation.

FIG. 2 shows high level components of the variance detection system 200that includes a server 202. The server 202 transfers the ENQtransmission 160 to the client device 204 and transfers the ACK/NACKtransmission 175 from client devices 204. Examples of client device 204include the hand-held device 400, the computing system 500 in FIG. 5 andthe tablet computer 800.

The variance detection system 200 includes two important aspects:

1. A server 202 to control the flow of quantitative metrics from clientdevice 204 to one or more interaction databases 210 and to manage localclient devices 204.

2. To transfer of quantitative metrics in an ACK/NACK transmission 175,anonymous, and other information to interaction database 210.

In some implementations, some of the client devices 204 are connected tothe variance detection system 200 via a WIFI connection to a Wi-Fiaccess point 206. The server 202 controls and manages the flow ofquantitative metrics to an interaction database 208 and/or aninteraction database 210 and provides management services to clientdevices 204.

The server 202 provides an interface to:

-   -   Location specific services, per healthcare provider, for        verification of active operator, and if necessary, patient        identifications.    -   A cloud based data repository (interaction database 210) of one        or more client devices 204, for the purpose of storing all        measurement records in an anonymous manner for analysis. A        setup, management and reporting mechanism also provided.

The server 202 accepts communications from client device 204 to:

-   -   Data format conversion and transferring patient measurement        records to interaction database 210.    -   Manage the firmware and configuration settings of the client        devices 204.    -   Determine current health and status of the client devices 204.    -   Support device level protocol for communications, TCP/IP, of        that supports the following core features:        -   Authentication of connected device and server 202        -   Transfer of patient measurement records to server 202 with            acknowledgement and acceptance by the server 202 or            interaction acceptance.        -   Support for dynamic update of configuration information and            recovery of health and status of the client devices 204.        -   Support for firmware update mechanism of firmware of client            devices 204.

The variance detection system 200 provides high availability, 24/7/365,with 99.99% availability.

The variance detection system 200 provides a scalable server system tomeet operational demands in healthcare provider operational environmentsfor one or both of the following deployable cases:

1. A local network 211 at an operational site in which the server 202provides all features and functions in a defined operational network 211to communicate to any number of client devices 204.

2. Interaction database 210 in which the server 202 communicates toclient devices 204.

The server 202 provides a central management system for the clientdevices 204 and includes the multimedia document interchange variancedetection system 100 in FIG. 1 and multimedia document interchangevariance detection system 900 in FIG. 9.

The server 202 provides extendable features, via software updates, toallow for the addition of enhanced features without the need foradditional hardware component installation at the installation site. Theserver 202 provides a device level commission mechanism and interfacefor the initial setup, configuration and test of client device 204 onthe network 211.

Coverage of the variance detection system 200 of a healthcare providercan include various locations, wards, ER rooms, offices, Dr's Officesetc. or anywhere where variance detection in patient billing isrequired.

The client device 204 can communicate with a third party bridge 212 toprovide access to data storage services, interaction systems, hand-helddevices cloud storage system etc.

Networking setup, configuration, performance characteristics etc. arealso determined and carried out by the third party bridge 212 or anotherthird party, for the operational environments. The hand-held devices cansupport the network protocols for communication with the third partybridge 212 devices.

Some implementations of FIG. 2 the server 202 is a remote cloud basedbridge. The remote cloud based bridge and the interaction database 208are operably coupled to the network 211 via the Internet 216.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a variance detection server 300, accordingto an implementation. The description of FIG. 3 provides an overview ofcomputer hardware and a suitable computing environment in conjunctionwith which some implementations can be implemented. Implementations aredescribed in terms of a computer executing computer-executableinstructions. However, some implementations can be implemented entirelyin computer hardware in which the computer-executable instructions areimplemented in read-only memory. Some implementations can also beimplemented in client/server computing environments where remote devicesthat perform tasks are linked through a communications network. Programmodules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devicesin a distributed computing environment.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a variance detection server 300 usefulin the context of the environment of FIG. 2, in accordance with animplementation. Variance detection server 300 is one example of server202 in FIG. 2. The variance detection server 300 includes a computationresource 302 capable of implementing the processes described herein. Itwill be appreciated that other devices can alternatively be used thatinclude more modules, or fewer modules, than those illustrated in FIG.3.

The illustrated operating variance detection server 300 is only oneexample of a suitable operating environment, and the example describedwith reference to FIG. 3 is not intended to suggest any limitation as tothe scope of use or functionality of the implementations of thisdisclosure. Other well-known computing systems, environments, and/orconfigurations can be suitable for implementation and/or application ofthe subject matter disclosed herein.

The computation resource 302 includes one or more processors orprocessing units 304, a system memory 306, and a system bus 308 thatcouples various system modules including the system memory 306 toprocessing unit 304 and other elements in the variance detection server300. The system bus 308 represents one or more of any of several typesof bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, aperipheral bus, an accelerated graphics port and a processor or localbus using any of a variety of bus architectures, and can be compatiblewith SCSI (small computer system interconnect), or other conventionalbus architectures and protocols.

The system memory 306 includes nonvolatile read-only memory (ROM) 310and random access memory (RAM) 312, which can or can not includevolatile memory elements. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 314,containing the elementary routines that help to transfer informationbetween elements within computation resource 302 and with externalitems, typically invoked into operating memory during start-up, isstored in ROM 310.

The computation resource 302 further can include a non-volatileread/write memory 316, represented in FIG. 3 as a hard disk drive,coupled to system bus 308 via a data media interface 317 (e.g., a SCSI,ATA, or other type of interface); a magnetic disk drive (not shown) forreading from, and/or writing to, a removable magnetic disk 320 and anoptical disk drive (not shown) for reading from, and/or writing to, aremovable optical disk 326 such as a CD, DVD, or other optical media.

The non-volatile read/write memory 316 and associated computer-readablemedia provide nonvolatile storage of computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules and other data for the computationresource 302. Although the variance detection server 300 is describedherein as employing a non-volatile read/write memory 316, a removablemagnetic disk 320 and a removable optical disk 326, it will beappreciated by those skilled in the art that other types ofcomputer-readable media which can store data that is accessible by acomputer, such as magnetic cassettes, FLASH memory cards, random accessmemories (RAMs), read only memories (ROM), and the like, can also beused in the exemplary operating environment.

A number of program modules can be stored via the non-volatileread/write memory 316, removable magnetic disk 320, removable opticaldisk 326, ROM 310, or RAM 312, including an operating system 330, one ormore application programs 332, program modules 334 and program data 336.Examples of computer operating systems conventionally employed includethe NUCLEUS® operating system, the LINUX® operating system, and others,for example, providing capability for supporting application programs332 using, for example, code modules written in the C++® computerprogramming language. The application programs 332 and/or the programmodules 334 include a multimedia document integration module 130 thatintegrates documents from a query module 150 that generates inquiriesand responses are received from a variance analytic module 190 thatgenerates the quantitative variance 195 that is displayed by display 350or transmitted or enunciated by speaker or stored in memory 306.

A user can enter commands and information into computation resource 302through input devices such as input media 338 (e.g., keyboard/keypad,tactile input or pointing device, mouse, foot-operated switchingapparatus, joystick, touchscreen or touchpad, microphone, antenna etc.).Such input media 338 are coupled to the processing unit 304 through aconventional input/output interface 342 that is, in turn, coupled to thesystem bus 308. Display 350 or other type of display device is alsocoupled to the system bus 308 via an interface, such as a video adapter352. Some implementations of the variance detection server 300 include asolid-state image transducer 328 that is operably coupled to theprocessing unit 304 and is operable to provide two or more images 370 tothe multimedia document integration module 130 in the applicationprograms 332 and/or the program modules 334.

The computation resource 302 can include capability for operating in anetworked environment using logical connections to one or more remotecomputers, such as a remote computer 360. The remote computer 360 can bea personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device orother common network node, and typically includes many or all of theelements described above relative to the computation resource 302. In anetworked environment, program modules depicted relative to thecomputation resource 302, or portions thereof, can be stored in a remotememory storage device such as can be associated with the remote computer360. By way of example, remote application programs 362 reside on amemory device of the remote computer 360. The logical connectionsrepresented in FIG. 3 can include interface capabilities, a storage areanetwork (SAN, not illustrated in FIG. 3), local area network (LAN) 372and/or a wide area network (WAN) 374, but can also include othernetworks.

Such networking environments are commonplace in modern computer systems,and in association with intranets and the Internet. In certainimplementations, the computation resource 302 executes an Internet Webbrowser program (which can optionally be integrated into the operatingsystem 330), such as the “Internet Explorer®” Web browser manufacturedand distributed by the Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington.

When used in a LAN-coupled environment, the computation resource 302communicates with or through the local area network 372 via a networkinterface or adapter 376 and typically includes interfaces, such as amodem 378, or other apparatus, for establishing communications with orthrough the WAN 374, such as the Internet. The modem 378, which can beinternal or external, is coupled to the system bus 308 via a serial portinterface.

In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to thecomputation resource 302, or portions thereof, can be stored in remotememory apparatus. It will be appreciated that the network connectionsshown are exemplary, and other means of establishing a communicationslink between various computer systems and elements can be used.

A user of a computer can operate in a networked environment usinglogical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remotecomputer 360, which can be a personal computer, a server, a router, anetwork PC, a peer device or other common network node. Typically, aremote computer 360 includes many or all of the elements described aboverelative to the variance detection server 300 of FIG. 3.

The computation resource 302 typically includes at least some form ofcomputer-readable media. Computer-readable media can be any availablemedia that can be accessed by the computation resource 302. By way ofexample, and not limitation, computer-readable media can comprisecomputer storage media and communication media.

Computer storage media include volatile and nonvolatile, removable andnon-removable media, implemented in any method or technology for storageof information, such as computer-readable instructions, data structures,program modules or other data. The term “computer storage media”includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, FLASH memory or othermemory technology, CD, DVD, or other optical storage, magneticcassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magneticstorage devices, or any other media which can be used to storecomputer-intelligible information and which can be accessed by thecomputation resource 302.

Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other data, represented via, anddeterminable from, a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave orother transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery media.The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more ofits characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encodeinformation in the signal in a fashion amenable to computerinterpretation.

By way of example, and not limitation, communication media include wiredmedia, such as wired network or direct-wired connections, and wirelessmedia, such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Thescope of the term computer-readable media includes combinations of anyof the above.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a hand-held device 400, according to animplementation. The hand-held device 400 may also have the capability toallow voice communication. Depending on the functionality provided bythe hand-held device 400, the hand-held device 400 may be referred to asa data messaging device, a two-way pager, a cellular telephone with datamessaging capabilities, a wireless Internet appliance, or a datacommunication device (with or without telephony capabilities).

The hand-held device 400 includes a number of modules such as a mainprocessor 402 that controls the overall operation of the hand-helddevice 400. Communication functions, including data and voicecommunications, are performed through a communication subsystem 404. Thecommunication subsystem 404 receives messages from and sends messages towireless networks 405. In other implementations of the hand-held device400, the communication subsystem 404 can be configured in accordancewith the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), General PacketRadio Services (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), UniversalMobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS), data-centric wirelessnetworks, voice-centric wireless networks, and dual-mode networks thatcan support both voice and data communications over the same physicalbase stations. Combined dual-mode networks include, but are not limitedto, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) or CDMA2000 networks, GSM/GPRSnetworks (as mentioned above), and future third-generation (3G) networkslike EDGE and UMTS. Some other examples of data-centric networks includeMobitex® and DataTAC® network communication systems. Examples of othervoice-centric data networks include Personal Communication Systems (PCS)networks like GSM and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems.

The wireless link connecting the communication subsystem 404 with thewireless network 405 represents one or more different Radio Frequency(RF) channels. With newer network protocols, these channels are capableof supporting both circuit switched voice communications and packetswitched data communications.

The main processor 402 also interacts with additional subsystems such asa Random Access Memory (RAM) 406, a flash memory 408, a display 410, anauxiliary input/output (I/O) subsystem 412, a data port 414, a keyboard416, a speaker 418, a microphone 420, short-range communicationssubsystem 422 and other device subsystems 424. In some implementations,the flash memory 408 includes a hybrid femtocell/Wi-Fi protocol stack409. The hybrid femtocell/Wi-Fi protocol stack 409 supportsauthentication and authorization between the hand-held device 400 into ashared Wi-Fi network and both a 3G and 4G mobile networks.

Some of the subsystems of the hand-held device 400 performcommunication-related functions, whereas other subsystems may provide“resident” or on-device functions. By way of example, the display 410and the keyboard 416 may be used for both communication-relatedfunctions, such as entering a text message for transmission over thewireless network 405, and device-resident functions such as a calculatoror task list.

The hand-held device 400 can transmit and receive communication signalsover the wireless network 405 after required network registration oractivation procedures have been completed. Network access is associatedwith a subscriber or user of the hand-held device 400. To identify asubscriber, the hand-held device 400 requires a SIM card/RUIM 426 (i.e.Subscriber Identity Module or a Removable User Identity Module) to beinserted into a SIM/RUIM interface 428 in order to communicate with anetwork. The SIM card/RUIM or 426 is one type of a conventional “smartcard” that can be used to identify a subscriber of the hand-held device400 and to personalize the hand-held device 400, among other things.Without the SIM card/RUIM 426, the hand-held device 400 is not fullyoperational for communication with the wireless network 405. Byinserting the SIM card/RUIM 426 into the SIM/RUIM interface 428, asubscriber can access all subscribed services. Services may include: webbrowsing and messaging such as e-mail, voice mail, Short Message Service(SMS), and Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS). More advanced servicesmay include: point of sale, field service and sales force automation.The SIM card/RUIM 426 includes a processor and memory for storinginformation. Once the SIM card/RUIM 426 is inserted into the SIM/RUIMinterface 428, the SIM is coupled to the main processor 402. In order toidentify the subscriber, the SIM card/RUIM 426 can include some userparameters such as an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI).An advantage of using the SIM card/RUIM 426 is that a subscriber is notnecessarily bound by any single physical mobile device. The SIMcard/RUIM 426 may store additional subscriber information for thehand-held device 400 as well, including datebook (or calendar)information and recent call information. Alternatively, useridentification information can also be programmed into the flash memory408.

The hand-held device 400 is a battery-powered device and includes abattery interface 432 for receiving one or more batteries 430. In one ormore implementations, the battery 430 can be a smart battery with anembedded microprocessor. The battery interface 432 is coupled to aregulator 433, which assists the battery 430 in providing power V+ tothe hand-held device 400. Although current technology makes use of abattery, future technologies such as micro fuel cells may provide thepower to the hand-held device 400.

The hand-held device 400 also includes an operating system 434 andmodules 436 to 447 which are described in more detail below. Theoperating system 434 and the modules 436 to 447 that are executed by themain processor 402 are typically stored in a persistent nonvolatilemedium such as the flash memory 408, which may alternatively be aread-only memory (ROM) or similar storage element (not shown). Thoseskilled in the art will appreciate that portions of the operating system434 and the modules 436 to 447, such as specific device applications, orparts thereof, may be temporarily loaded into a volatile store such asthe RAM 406. Other modules can also be included.

The subset of modules 436 to 447 that control basic device operations,including data and voice communication applications, will normally beinstalled on the hand-held device 400 during its manufacture. Othermodules include a message application 438 that can be any suitablemodule that allows a user of the hand-held device 400 to transmit andreceive electronic messages. Various alternatives exist for the messageapplication 438 as is well known to those skilled in the art. Messagesthat have been sent or received by the user are typically stored in theflash memory 408 of the hand-held device 400 or some other suitablestorage element in the hand-held device 400. In one or moreimplementations, some of the sent and received messages may be storedremotely from the hand-held device 400 such as in a data store of anassociated host system with which the hand-held device 400 communicates.

The modules can further include a device state module 440, a PersonalInformation Manager (PIM) 442, and other suitable modules (not shown).The device state module 440 provides persistence, i.e. the device statemodule 440 ensures that important device data is stored in persistentmemory, such as the flash memory 408, so that the data is not lost whenthe hand-held device 400 is turned off or loses power.

The PIM 442 includes functionality for organizing and managing dataitems of interest to the user, such as, but not limited to, e-mail,contacts, calendar events, voice mails, appointments, and task items. APIM application has the ability to transmit and receive data items viathe wireless network 405. PIM data items may be seamlessly integrated,synchronized, and updated via the wireless network 405 with thehand-held device 400 subscriber's corresponding data items stored and/orassociated with a host computer system. This functionality creates amirrored host computer on the hand-held device 400 with respect to suchitems. This can be particularly advantageous when the host computersystem is the hand-held device 400 subscriber's office computer system.

The hand-held device 400 also includes a connect module 444, and an ITpolicy module 446. The connect module 444 implements the communicationprotocols that are required for the hand-held device 400 to communicatewith the wireless infrastructure and any host system, such as anenterprise system, with which the hand-held device 400 is authorized tointerface. Examples of a wireless infrastructure and an enterprisesystem are given in FIGS. 4 and 5, which are described in more detailbelow.

The connect module 444 includes a set of APIs that can be integratedwith the hand-held device 400 to allow the hand-held device 400 to useany number of services associated with the enterprise system. Theconnect module 444 allows the hand-held device 400 to establish anend-to-end secure, authenticated communication pipe with the hostsystem. A subset of applications for which access is provided by theconnect module 444 can be used to pass IT policy commands from the hostsystem to the hand-held device 400. This can be done in a wireless orwired manner. These instructions can then be passed to the IT policymodule 446 to modify the configuration of the hand-held device 400.Alternatively, in some cases, the IT policy update can also be done overa wired connection.

The IT policy module 446 receives IT policy data that encodes the ITpolicy. The IT policy module 446 then ensures that the IT policy data isauthenticated by the hand-held device 400. The IT policy data can thenbe stored in the RAM 406 in its native form. After the IT policy data isstored, a global notification can be sent by the IT policy module 446 toall of the applications residing on the hand-held device 400.Applications for which the IT policy may be applicable then respond byreading the IT policy data to look for IT policy rules that areapplicable.

The IT policy module 446 can include a parser 447, which can be used bythe applications to read the IT policy rules. In some cases, anothermodule or application can provide the parser. Grouped IT policy rules,described in more detail below, are retrieved as byte streams, which arethen sent (recursively) into the parser to determine the values of eachIT policy rule defined within the grouped IT policy rule. In one or moreimplementations, the IT policy module 446 can determine whichapplications are affected by the IT policy data and transmit anotification to only those applications. In either of these cases, forapplications that are not being executed by the main processor 402 atthe time of the notification, the applications can call the parser orthe IT policy module 446 when the applications are executed to determineif there are any relevant IT policy rules in the newly received ITpolicy data.

All applications that support rules in the IT Policy are coded to knowthe type of data to expect. For example, the value that is set for the“WEP User Name” IT policy rule is known to be a string; therefore thevalue in the IT policy data that corresponds to this rule is interpretedas a string. As another example, the setting for the “Set MaximumPassword Attempts” IT policy rule is known to be an integer, andtherefore the value in the IT policy data that corresponds to this ruleis interpreted as such.

After the IT policy rules have been applied to the applicableapplications or configuration files, the IT policy module 446 sends anacknowledgement back to the host system to indicate that the IT policydata was received and successfully applied.

The modules 436 can also include a query module 150 and a varianceanalytic module 190. The multimedia document integration module 130integrates documents from which the query module generates inquiries andresponses are received from which the variance analytic module 190generates the quantitative variance 195 that is displayed by display 410or transmitted by communication subsystem 404 or short-rangecommunications subsystem 422, enunciated by speaker 418 or stored byflash memory 408. Some implementations of the hand-held device 400include a solid-state image transducer 450 that is operably coupled tothe microprocessor 402 and is operable to provide two or more images 452to the multimedia document integration module 130.

Other types of modules can also be installed on the hand-held device400. These modules can be third party modules, which are added after themanufacture of the hand-held device 400. Examples of third partyapplications include games, calculators, utilities, etc.

The additional applications can be loaded onto the hand-held device 400through of the wireless network 405, the auxiliary I/O subsystem 412,the data port 414, the short-range communications subsystem 422, or anyother suitable device subsystem 424. This flexibility in applicationinstallation increases the functionality of the hand-held device 400 andmay provide enhanced on-device functions, communication-relatedfunctions, or both. For example, secure communication applications mayenable electronic commerce functions and other such financialtransactions to be performed using the hand-held device 400.

The data port 414 enables a subscriber to set preferences through anexternal device or module and extends the capabilities of the hand-helddevice 400 by providing for information or module downloads to thehand-held device 400 other than through a wireless communicationnetwork. The alternate download path may, for example, be used to loadan encryption key onto the hand-held device 400 through a direct andthus reliable and trusted connection to provide secure devicecommunication.

The data port 414 can be any suitable port that enables datacommunication between the hand-held device 400 and another computingdevice. The data port 414 can be a serial or a parallel port. In someinstances, the data port 414 can be a USB port that includes data linesfor data transfer and a supply line that can provide a charging currentto charge the battery 430 of the hand-held device 400.

The short-range communications subsystem 422 provides for communicationbetween the hand-held device 400 and different systems or devices,without the use of the wireless network 405. For example, theshort-range communications subsystem 422 may include an infrared deviceand associated circuits and modules for short-range communication.Examples of short-range communication standards include standardsdeveloped by the Infrared Data Association (IrDA), Bluetooth, and the802.11 family of standards developed by IEEE.

Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data overshort distances (using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the ISMband from 2400-2480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices, creatingpersonal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security. Created bytelecom vendor Ericsson in 1994, Bluetooth was originally conceived as awireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. Bluetooth can connectseveral devices, overcoming problems of synchronization. Bluetoothoperates in the range of 2400-2483.5 MHz (including guard bands), whichis in the globally unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM)2.4 GHz short-range radio frequency band. Bluetooth uses a radiotechnology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum. The transmitteddata is divided into packets and each packet is transmitted on one ofthe 79 designated Bluetooth channels. Each channel has a bandwidth of 1MHz. The first channel starts at 2602 MHz and continues up to 2480 MHzin 1 MHz steps. The first channel usually performs 2200 hops per second,with Adaptive Frequency-Hopping (AFH) enabled. Originally Gaussianfrequency-shift keying (GFSK) modulation was the only modulation schemeavailable; subsequently, since the introduction of Bluetooth 2.0+EDR,t/4-DQPSK and 8DPSK modulation may also be used between compatibledevices. Devices functioning with GFSK are said to be operating in basicrate (BR) mode where an instantaneous data rate of 1 Mbit/s is possible.The term Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) is used to describe t/4-DPSK and 8DPSKschemes, each giving 2 and 3 Mbit/s respectively. The combination ofthese (BR and EDR) modes in Bluetooth radio technology is classified asa “BR/EDR radio”. Bluetooth is a packet-based protocol with amaster-slave structure. One master may communicate with up to 7 slavesin a piconet; all devices share the master's clock. Packet exchange isbased on the basic clock, defined by the master, which ticks at 312.5 μsintervals. Two clock ticks make up a slot of 625 μs; two slots make up aslot pair of 1250 μs. In the simple case of single-slot packets themaster transmits in even slots and receives in odd slots; the slave,conversely, receives in even slots and transmits in odd slots. Packetsmay be 1, 3 or 5 slots long but in all cases the master transmit willbegin in even slots and the slave transmit in odd slots. A masterBluetooth device can communicate with a maximum of seven devices in apiconet (an ad-hoc computer network using Bluetooth technology), thoughnot all devices reach this maximum. The devices can switch roles, byagreement, and the slave can become the master (for example, a headsetinitiating a connection to a phone will necessarily begin as master, asinitiator of the connection; but may subsequently prefer to be slave).The Bluetooth Core Specification provides for the connection of two ormore piconets to form a scatternet, in which certain devicessimultaneously play the master role in one piconet and the slave role inanother. At any given time, data can be transferred between the masterand one other device (except for the little-used broadcast mode. Themaster chooses which slave device to address; typically, the masterswitches rapidly from one device to another in a round-robin fashion.Since the master chooses which slave to address, whereas a slave is (intheory) supposed to listen in each receive slot, being a master is alighter burden than being a slave. Being a master of seven slaves ispossible; being a slave of more than one master is difficult. Many ofthe services offered over Bluetooth can expose private data or allow theconnecting party to control the Bluetooth device. For security reasonsit is necessary to be able to recognize specific devices and thus enablecontrol over which devices are allowed to connect to a given Bluetoothdevice. At the same time, it is useful for Bluetooth devices to be ableto establish a connection without user intervention (for example, assoon as the Bluetooth devices of each other are in range). To resolvethis conflict, Bluetooth uses a process called bonding, and a bond iscreated through a process called pairing. The pairing process istriggered either by a specific request from a user to create a bond (forexample, the user explicitly requests to “Add a Bluetooth device”), orthe pairing process is triggered automatically when connecting to aservice where (for the first time) the identity of a device is requiredfor security purposes. These two cases are referred to as dedicatedbonding and general bonding respectively. Pairing often involves somelevel of user interaction; this user interaction is the basis forconfirming the identity of the devices. Once pairing successfullycompletes, a bond will have been formed between the two devices,enabling those two devices to connect to each other in the futurewithout requiring the pairing process in order to confirm the identityof the devices. When desired, the bonding relationship can later beremoved by the user. Secure Simple Pairing (SSP): This is required byBluetooth v2.1, although a Bluetooth v2.1 device may only use legacypairing to interoperate with a v2.0 or earlier device. Secure SimplePairing uses a form of public key cryptography, and some types can helpprotect against man in the middle, or MITM attacks. SSP has thefollowing characteristics: Just works: As implied by the name, thismethod just works. No user interaction is required; however, a devicemay prompt the user to confirm the pairing process. This method istypically used by headsets with very limited IO capabilities, and ismore secure than the fixed PIN mechanism which is typically used forlegacy pairing by this set of limited devices. This method provides noman in the middle (MITM) protection. Numeric comparison: If both deviceshave a display and can accept a binary Yes/No user input, both devicesmay use Numeric Comparison. This method displays a 6-digit numeric codeon each device. The user should compare the numbers to ensure that thenumbers are identical. If the comparison succeeds, the user(s) shouldconfirm pairing on the device(s) that can accept an input. This methodprovides MITM protection, assuming the user confirms on both devices andactually performs the comparison properly. Passkey Entry: This methodmay be used between a device with a display and a device with numerickeypad entry (such as a keyboard), or two devices with numeric keypadentry. In the first case, the display is used to show a 6-digit numericcode to the user, who then enters the code on the keypad. In the secondcase, the user of each device enters the same 6-digit number. Both ofthese cases provide MITM protection. Out of band (OOB): This method usesan external means of communication, such as Near Field Communication(NFC) to exchange some information used in the pairing process. Pairingis completed using the Bluetooth radio, but requires information fromthe OOB mechanism. This provides only the level of MITM protection thatis present in the OOB mechanism. SSP is considered simple for thefollowing reasons: In most cases, SSP does not require a user togenerate a passkey. For use-cases not requiring MITM protection, userinteraction can be eliminated. For numeric comparison, MITM protectioncan be achieved with a simple equality comparison by the user. Using OOBwith NFC enables pairing when devices simply get close, rather thanrequiring a lengthy discovery process.

In use, a received signal such as a text message, an e-mail message, orweb page download will be processed by the communication subsystem 404and input to the main processor 402. The main processor 402 will thenprocess the received signal for output to the display 410 oralternatively to the auxiliary I/O subsystem 412. A subscriber may alsocompose data items, such as e-mail messages, for example, using thekeyboard 416 in conjunction with the display 410 and possibly theauxiliary I/O subsystem 412. The auxiliary I/O subsystem 412 may includedevices such as: a touch screen, mouse, track ball, infrared fingerprintdetector, or a roller wheel with dynamic button pressing capability. Thekeyboard 416 is preferably an alphanumeric keyboard and/ortelephone-type keypad. However, other types of keyboards may also beused. A composed item may be transmitted over the wireless network 405through the communication subsystem 404.

For voice communications, the overall operation of the hand-held device400 is substantially similar, except that the received signals areoutput to the speaker 418, and signals for transmission are generated bythe microphone 420. Alternative voice or audio I/O subsystems, such as avoice message recording subsystem, can also be implemented on thehand-held device 400. Although voice or audio signal output isaccomplished primarily through the speaker 418, the display 410 can alsobe used to provide additional information such as the identity of acalling party, duration of a voice call, or other voice call relatedinformation.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a hardware and operating computing system500 in which different implementations can be practiced. The descriptionof FIG. 5 provides an overview of computer hardware and a suitablecomputing environment in conjunction with which some implementations canbe implemented. Implementations are described in terms of a computerexecuting computer-executable instructions. However, someimplementations can be implemented entirely in computer hardware inwhich the computer-executable instructions are implemented in read-onlymemory. Some implementations can also be implemented in client/servercomputing environments where remote devices that perform tasks arelinked through a communications network. Program modules can be locatedin both local and remote memory storage devices in a distributedcomputing environment.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a computing system 500 useful in thecontext of the environment of FIG. 1-2, in accordance with animplementation. It will be appreciated that other devices canalternatively be used that include more modules, or fewer modules, thanthose illustrated in FIG. 5.

The illustrated operating computing system 500 is only one example of asuitable operating environment, and the example described with referenceto FIG. 5 is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope ofuse or functionality of the implementations of this disclosure. Otherwell-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations can besuitable for implementation and/or application of the subject matterdisclosed herein.

The computing system 500 includes one or more processors or processingunits 504, a system memory 506, and a system bus 508 that couplesvarious system modules including the system memory 506 to processingunit 504 and other elements in the computing system 500. The system bus508 represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures,including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, anaccelerated graphics port and a processor or local bus using any of avariety of bus architectures, and can be compatible with SCSI (smallcomputer system interconnect), or other conventional bus architecturesand protocols.

The system memory 506 includes nonvolatile read-only memory (ROM) 510and random access memory (RAM) 512, which can or can not includevolatile memory elements. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 514,containing the elementary routines that help to transfer informationbetween elements within computing system 500 and with external items,typically invoked into operating memory during start-up, is stored inROM 510.

The computing system 500 further can include a non-volatile read/writememory 516, represented in FIG. 5 as a hard disk drive, coupled tosystem bus 508 via a data media interface 517 (e.g., a SCSI, ATA, orother type of interface); a magnetic disk drive (not shown) for readingfrom, and/or writing to, a removable magnetic disk and an optical diskdrive (not shown) for reading from, and/or writing to, a removableoptical disk such as a CD, DVD, or other optical media.

The non-volatile read/write memory 516 and associated computer-readablemedia provide nonvolatile storage of computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules and other data for the computing system500. Although the computing system 500 is described herein as employinga non-volatile read/write memory 516, a removable magnetic disk and aremovable optical disk, it will be appreciated by those skilled in theart that other types of computer-readable media which can store datathat is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, FLASHmemory cards, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROM),and the like, can also be used in the exemplary operating environment.

A number of program modules can be stored via the non-volatileread/write memory 516, removable magnetic disk, removable optical disk,ROM 510, or RAM 512, including an operating system 530, one or moreapplication programs 532, program modules 534 and program data 536.Examples of computer operating systems conventionally employed includethe NUCLEUS® operating system, the LINUX® operating system, and others,for example, providing capability for supporting application programs532 using, for example, code modules written in the C++® computerprogramming language. The application programs 532 and/or the programmodules 534 can also include a variance analytic module (as shown in 190in FIGS. 1, 4 and 9). The multimedia document integration module 130integrates documents from which the query module 150 generates inquiriesand responses that are received from which the variance analytic module190 generates the quantitative variance 195 that is displayed by display550 or transmitted by computing system 500, enunciated by a speaker orstored in program data 536. Some implementations of the computing system500 include a solid-state image transducer 528 that is operably coupledto the processing unit 504 and is operable to provide two or more images570 to the multimedia document integration module 130 in the applicationprograms 532 and/or the program modules 534.

A user can enter commands and information into computing system 500through input devices such as input media 538 (e.g., keyboard/keypad,tactile input or pointing device, mouse, foot-operated switchingapparatus, joystick, touchscreen or touchpad, microphone, antenna etc.).Such input media 538 are coupled to the processing unit 504 through aconventional input/output interface 542 that is, in turn, coupled to thesystem bus 508. Display 550 or other type of display device is alsocoupled to the system bus 508 via an interface, such as a video adapter552.

The computing system 500 can include capability for operating in anetworked environment using logical connections to one or more remotecomputers, such as a remote computer. The remote computer can be apersonal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device orother common network node, and typically includes many or all of theelements described above relative to the computing system 500. In anetworked environment, program modules depicted relative to thecomputing system 500, or portions thereof, can be stored in a remotememory storage device such as can be associated with the remotecomputer. By way of example, remote application programs reside on amemory device of the remote computer. The logical connectionsrepresented in FIG. 5 can include interface capabilities, a storage areanetwork (SAN, not illustrated in FIG. 5), local area network (LAN) 372and/or a wide area network (WAN), but can also include other networks.

Such networking environments are commonplace in modern computer systems,and in association with intranets and the Internet. In certainimplementations, the computing system 500 executes an Internet Webbrowser program (which can optionally be integrated into the operatingsystem 530), such as the “Internet Explorer®” Web browser manufacturedand distributed by the Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington.

When used in a LAN-coupled environment, the computing system 500communicates with or through the local area network 372 via a networkinterface or adapter 576 and typically includes interfaces, such as amodem 578, or other apparatus, for establishing communications with orthrough the WAN 574, such as the Internet. The modem 578, which can beinternal or external, is coupled to the system bus 508 via a serial portinterface.

In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to thecomputing system 500, or portions thereof, can be stored in remotememory apparatus. It will be appreciated that the network connectionsshown are exemplary, and other means of establishing a communicationslink between various computer systems and elements can be used.

A user of a computer can operate in a networked environment usinglogical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remotecomputer, which can be a personal computer, a server, a router, anetwork PC, a peer device or other common network node. Typically, aremote computer includes many or all of the elements described aboverelative to the computing system 500 of FIG. 5.

The computing system 500 typically includes at least some form ofcomputer-readable media. Computer-readable media can be any availablemedia that can be accessed by the computing system 500. By way ofexample, and not limitation, computer-readable media can comprisecomputer storage media and communication media.

Computer storage media include volatile and nonvolatile, removable andnon-removable media, implemented in any method or technology for storageof information, such as computer-readable instructions, data structures,program modules or other data. The term “computer storage media”includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, FLASH memory or othermemory technology, CD, DVD, or other optical storage, magneticcassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magneticstorage devices, or any other media which can be used to storecomputer-intelligible information and which can be accessed by thecomputing system 500.

Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other data, represented via, anddeterminable from, a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave orother transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery media.The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more ofits characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encodeinformation in the signal in a fashion amenable to computerinterpretation.

By way of example, and not limitation, communication media include wiredmedia, such as wired network or direct-wired connections, and wirelessmedia, such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Thescope of the term computer-readable media includes combinations of anyof the above.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a solid-state image transducer 600,according to an implementation. The solid-state image transducer 600includes a great number of photoelectric elements, a.sub.1 . . . sub.1,a.sub.2 . . . sub.1, . . . , a.sub.mn, in the minute segment form,transfer gates TG1, TG2, . . . , TGn responsive to a control pulseV.sub.ΦP for transferring the charges stored on the individualphotoelectric elements as an image signal to vertical shift registersVS1, VS2, . . . , VSn, and a horizontal shift register HS fortransferring the image signal from the vertical shift registers VSs,through a buffer amplifier 2 d to an outlet 2 e. After the one-frameimage signal is stored, the image signal is transferred to verticalshift register by the pulse V.sub.ΦP and the contents of the verticalshift registers VSs are transferred upward line by line in response to aseries of control pulses V.sub.ΦV1, V.sub.ΦV2. During the time intervalbetween the successive two vertical transfer control pulses, thehorizontal shift register HS responsive to a series of control pulsesV.sub.ΦH1, V.sub.ΦH2 transfers the contents of the horizontal shiftregisters HSs in each line row by row to the right as viewed in FIG. 6.As a result, the one-frame image signal is formed by reading out theoutputs of the individual photoelectric elements in such order.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the wireless communication subsystem 700,according to an implementation. The communication subsystem 700 is oneexample of the communication subsystem 170 in FIG. 1 and thecommunication subsystem 404 in FIG. 4. The wireless communicationsubsystem 700 includes a receiver 701, a transmitter 702, as well asassociated components such as one or more embedded or antennas 704 and706, Local Oscillators (LOs) 708, and a processing module such as adigital signal processor (DSP) 710. The particular implementation of thewireless communication subsystem 700 is dependent upon communicationprotocols of a wireless network 705 with which the mobile device isintended to operate. Thus, it should be understood that theimplementation illustrated in FIG. 7 serves only as one example.Examples of the client device 204 include hand-held device 400, computer500 and tablet 800. Examples of the wireless network 705 include network405 in FIG. 4.

Signals received by the antenna 704 through the wireless network 705 areinput to the receiver 701, which may perform such common receiverfunctions as signal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering,channel selection, and analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion. A/Dconversion of a received signal allows more complex communicationfunctions such as demodulation and decoding to be performed in the DSP710. In a similar manner, signals to be transmitted are processed,including modulation and encoding, by the DSP 710. These DSP-processedsignals are input to the transmitter 702 for digital-to-analog (D/A)conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering, amplification andtransmission over the wireless network 705 via the antenna 706. The DSP710 not only processes communication signals, but also provides forreceiver and transmitter control. For example, the gains applied tocommunication signals in the receiver 701 and the transmitter 702 may beadaptively controlled through automatic gain control algorithmsimplemented in the DSP 710.

The wireless link between the client device 204 and the wireless network705 can contain one or more different channels, typically different RFchannels, and associated protocols used between the client device 204and the wireless network 705. An RF channel is a limited resource thatmust be conserved, typically due to limits in overall bandwidth andlimited battery power of the client devices 204.

When the client device 204 is fully operational, the transmitter 702 istypically keyed or turned on only when it is transmitting to thewireless network 705 and is otherwise turned off to conserve resources.Similarly, the receiver 701 is periodically turned off to conserve poweruntil the receiver 701 is needed to receive signals or information (ifat all) during designated time periods.

The ACK/NACK transmission 175 is received by the wireless communicationsubsystem 700 from the main processor (304, 402 or 504) at the DSP 710and then transmitted to the wireless network 705 through the antenna 704of the receiver 701.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a tablet computer 800, according to animplementation. The description of FIG. 8 provides an overview ofcomputer hardware and a suitable computing environment in conjunctionwith which some implementations can be implemented. Implementations aredescribed in terms of a computer executing computer-executableinstructions. However, some implementations can be implemented entirelyin computer hardware in which the computer-executable instructions areimplemented in read-only memory. Some implementations can also beimplemented in client/server computing environments where remote devicesthat perform tasks are linked through a communications network. Programmodules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devicesin a distributed computing environment.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a tablet computer 800 useful in thecontext of the processes and components in FIGS. 1 and 9-10, inaccordance with an implementation. It will be appreciated that otherdevices can alternatively be used that include more components, or fewercomponents, than those illustrated in FIG. 8.

The illustrated tablet computer 800 is only one example of a suitableoperating environment, and the example described with reference to FIG.8 is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use orfunctionality of the implementations of this disclosure. Otherwell-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations can besuitable for implementation and/or application of the subject matterdisclosed herein.

The tablet computer 800 includes one or more processors or processingunits 804, a system memory 806, and a bus 808 that couples varioussystem components including the system memory 806 to processors orprocessing units 804 and other elements in the tablet computer 800. Thebus 808 represents one or more of any of several types of busstructures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheralbus, an accelerated graphics port and a processor or local bus using anyof a variety of bus architectures, and can be compatible with SCSI(small computer system interconnect), or other conventional busarchitectures and protocols.

The system memory 806 includes nonvolatile read-only memory (ROM) 810and random access memory (RAM) 812, which can or can not includevolatile memory elements. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 814,containing the elementary routines that help to transfer informationbetween elements within tablet computer 800 and with external items,typically invoked into operating memory during start-up, is stored inROM 810.

The tablet computer 800 further can include a FLASH memory 816 that iscoupled to bus 808 via a data media interface 817 (e.g., a SCSI, ATA, orother type of interface); a magnetic disk drive (not shown) for readingfrom, and/or writing to, a removable magnetic disk (not shown) and anoptical disk drive (not shown) for reading from, and/or writing to, aremovable optical disk (not shown) such as a CD, DVD, or other opticalmedia.

The FLASH memory 816 and associated computer-readable media providenonvolatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures,program modules and other data for the tablet computer 800.

A number of program modules can be stored via the FLASH memory 816,magnetic disk (not shown), optical disk (not shown), ROM 810, or RAM812, including an operating system 830, one or more application programs832, other program modules 834 and program data 836. Examples ofcomputer operating systems conventionally employed include the NUCLEUS®operating system, the LINUX® operating system, and others, for example,providing capability for supporting application programs 832 using, forexample, code modules written in the C++® computer programming language.

A user can optionally enter commands and information into tabletcomputer 800 through input devices such as external input media 838(e.g., keyboard/keypad, tactile input or pointing device, mouse,foot-operated switching apparatus, joystick, touchscreen or touchpad,microphone, antenna etc.). Such input devices 838 are coupled to theprocessors or processing units 804 through a conventional input/outputinterface 842 that is, in turn, coupled to the system bus. A touchscreen850 or other type of display device is also coupled to the system bus808 via an interface, such as a touchscreen adapter 852.

The tablet computer 800 can include capability for operating in anetworked environment using logical connections to one or more remotecomputers. The remote computer can be a personal computer, a server, arouter, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, andtypically includes many or all of the elements described above relativeto the tablet computer 800. In a networked environment, program modulesdepicted relative to the tablet computer 800, or portions thereof, canbe stored in a remote memory storage device such as can be associatedwith the remote computer. By way of example, remote application programsreside on a memory device of the remote computer. The logicalconnections represented in FIG. 8 can include interface capabilities,e.g., such as interface capabilities in FIG. 8, a storage area network(SAN, not illustrated in FIG. 8), local area network (LAN) 872 and/or awide area network (WAN), but can also include other networks.

Such networking environments are commonplace in modern computer systems,and in association with intranets and the Internet. In certainimplementations, the tablet computer 800 executes an Internet Webbrowser program (which can optionally be integrated into the operatingsystem 830), such as the “Internet Explorer®” Web browser manufacturedand distributed by the Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington.When used in a LAN-coupled environment, the tablet computer 800communicates with or through the local area network 872 via a networkinterface or adapter 876. When used in a WAN-coupled environment, thetablet computer 800 typically includes interfaces, or other apparatus,for establishing communications with or through the WAN, such as theInternet. The modem, which can be internal or external, is coupled tothe system bus 808 via a serial port interface. In a networkedenvironment, program modules depicted relative to the tablet computer800, or portions thereof, can be stored in remote memory apparatus. Itwill be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary,and other means of establishing a communications link between variouscomputer systems and elements can be used. A user of a computer canoperate in a networked environment using logical connections to one ormore remote computers, such as a remote computer, which can be apersonal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device orother common network node. Typically, a remote computer includes many orall of the elements described above relative to the tablet computer 800of FIG. 8. The tablet computer 800 typically includes at least some formof computer-readable media. Computer-readable media can be any availablemedia that can be accessed by the tablet computer 800. By way ofexample, and not limitation, computer-readable media can comprisecomputer storage media and communication media. Computer storage mediainclude volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media,implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, suchas computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules orother data. The term “computer storage media” includes, but is notlimited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, FLASH memory or other memory technology,CD, DVD, or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape,magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any othermedia which can be used to store computer-intelligible information andwhich can be accessed by the tablet computer 800.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a multimedia document interchange variancedetection system 900 to exchange information in a predeterminedarchitecture of multimedia object interchange, according to animplementation.

The multimedia document interchange variance detection system 900receives a multimedia document 110 and optionally another multimediadocument 120 into a carrier integration module 930. In someimplementations, the multimedia document 110 and the multimedia document120 are insurance medical claims that include CPT codes and that do notinclude audio or video data. The carrier integration module 930integrates the multimedia document 110 and the multimedia document 120,generating an integrated multimedia document 135. The integratedmultimedia document 135 is received by a data capture module 140 andextracts field of capture data 945 from the integrated multimediadocument 135. A patient question module 950 receives the extracted fieldof capture data 945 from the data capture module 140 and generates oneor more queries that are encapsulated in a corresponding number ofinquiry transmission(s) 960. The multimedia document interchangevariance detection system 900 also includes a semantic translationmodule 965 that is operable to translate the inquiry transmission(s) 960from one language to another, such as from English language to theindicated language of the patient, such as Spanish. The inquirytransmission(s) 960 are received by a patent engagement system 970, thepatent engagement system 970 transmits the inquiry transmission(s) 960to an external device (such as client device 204 as described in greaterdetail in FIG. 2) and the external device (e.g. client devices 204)responds with a response transmission 975. In some implementations, theresponse is a single character message indicating acknowledgement of thecorresponding Inquiry transmission 960. In some implementations, anegative response is not implemented, but instead the absence of aresponse from the external device is interpreted by the patentengagement system 970 as a negative response. The response 975 is storedin a patient response database 980. A variance analytic module 190retrieves the response 975 from the patient response database 980 andthe variance analytic module 190 generates a quantitative variance 195from the retrieved Response 975. The quantitative variance 195 describesvariances and discrepancies within the multimedia document 110 andwithin the multimedia document 120 and between the multimedia document110 and the multimedia document 120.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a database entity relationship system1000, according to an implementation. The database entity relationshipsystem 1000 is one example of the interaction database 208 and theinteraction database 210. The database entity relationship system 1000includes physician table 1002 that has a one-to-many relationship to asuperbill table 1004. Each entry or record in the physician table 1002includes fields describing a Npi, a first name, a last name, a street, acity, a state and a zip code. Some implementations of the physiciantable 1002 is more generally a provider table. Each entry or record inthe superbill table 1004 includes an identification, a Npi, a memberidentification, a date of service, a patient phone, a patient firstname, a patient last name, a patient street, a patient city, a patientstate, a patient zip and a patient zip code. Some implementations of thesuperbill table 1004 also include a patient social security number, astatus (open, closed or expired) and a total amount of charges in thesuperbill table 1004. The superbill table 1004 has a one-to-manyrelationship to a superbill CPT table 1006. Each entry or record in thesuperbill CPT table 1006 has an identification, a superbillidentification, a CPT identification and multiplier. Someimplementations of the superbill CPT table 1006 also include a totalamount of charges in the superbill CPT table 1006. A CPT table 1008 hasa one-to-many relationship to the superbill CPT table 1006. Each entryor record in the CPT table 1008 has an identification, a code uq1, amodifier uq1 and a description. The CPT table 1008 has a one-to-manyrelationship to a question table 1010. Each entry or record in thequestion table 1010 has an identifier, a CPT identification, a sequence,a text field, a priority, and a previous response, (the previousresponse being limited to yes, no, 1, 2 or 3). The question table 1010has a one-to-many relationship to a Response Rule table 1012. Each entryor record in the Response Rule table 1012 includes an identifier, aquestion identification, a response and a value, (the response beinglimited to yes, no, 1, 2 or 3). Some implementations of the ResponseRule table 1012 also include a Response CPT Code. The question table1010 and the superbill table 1004 have a one-to-many relationship to amessage table 1014. Each entry or record in the message table 1014includes an identifier, a question identification, a superbillidentification, a response, a value, a date sent on and date receivedon, (the response being limited to yes, no, 1, 2 or 3). Someimplementations of the message table 1014 also include a Response CPTCode, a SentTwillioSid code, a ReceivedTwillioSid code and a status code(open, sent, received or closed).

Method Implementations

In the previous section, a system level overview of the operation of animplementation is described. In this section, the particular methods ofsuch an implementation are described by reference to a series offlowcharts. Describing the methods by reference to a flowchart enablesone skilled in the art to develop such programs, firmware, or hardware,including such instructions to carry out the methods on suitablecomputers, executing the instructions from computer-readable media.Similarly, the methods performed by the server computer programs,firmware, or hardware are also composed of computer-executableinstructions. Methods are performed by a program executing on, orperformed by firmware or hardware that is a part of, a computer, such asvariance detection server 300 in FIG. 3.

In other implementations, methods are implemented as acomputer-accessible medium having executable instructions capable ofdirecting a processor, such as processing unit 304 in FIG. 3, to performthe respective method. In varying implementations, the medium is amagnetic medium, an electronic medium, or an optical medium.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a method of multimedia documentinterchange variance detection 1100, according to an implementation.

Method 1100 includes receiving a first multimedia document and a secondmultimedia document, at block 1105. The first multimedia document andthe second multimedia document received from heterogeneous computersystems. The first multimedia document and the second multimediadocument having heterogeneous file formats, the first multimediadocument having a heterogeneous internal organization to the secondmultimedia document.

Method 1100 also includes identifying heterogeneous distinctions, atblock 1110. Method 1100 also includes integrating the first multimediadocument and the second multimedia document into an integratedmultimedia document, generating an integrated multimedia document, atblock 1115. Method 1100 also includes extracting data from theintegrated multimedia document, generating extracted data, at block1120. Method 1100 also includes receiving the extracted data, at block1125. Method 1100 also includes generating one or more queries that areencapsulated in a corresponding number of ENQ (enquiry/inquiry)transmissions, at block 1130, the ENQ transmissions beingshort-message-service (SMS) text messages. Method 1100 also includesreceiving the ENQ transmissions, at block 1135. Method 1100 alsoincludes transmitting the ENQ transmissions to an external device, atblock 1140. Method 1100 also includes receiving an ACK (acknowledgement)transmission or a NACK (negative [not] acknowledgement) transmissionfrom the external device, the ACK/NACK transmission being a SMS textmessage, at block 1145. Method 1100 also includes storing the ACK/NACKtransmission in an external interaction database, at block 1150. Method1100 also includes retrieving the ACK/NACK transmission from theexternal interaction database, at block 1155. Method 1100 also includesand generating quantitative variance from the ACK/NACK transmission, atblock 1160. The quantitative variance describing statistical variancesand discrepancies within the first multimedia document and within thesecond multimedia document and between the first multimedia document andthe second multimedia document.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a method of discrepancy detection 1200,according to an implementation. At block 1210 of method 1200, a billingcode (e.g. CPT code), a priority code (overall high level priority thattakes precedence over everything else), a sequence code (indicating if aquestion is a follow-up question), and a previous response (indicatingwhether or not the question requires a previous response) are evaluatedfor discrepancies. Every billing item in a document 110 or 120 includesa billing code and performance time of the procedure. In someimplementations, discrepancies are identified between the billing codein the integrated multimedia document 135 and the ACK/NACK transmission175. In other implementations, discrepancies are identified between thebilling code in the integrated multimedia document 135 and the ACK/NACKtransmission 175 that are at or above a predetermined threshold of theprovider identified in the integrated multimedia document 135.

Thereafter, a response is evaluated and analyzed, at block 1220, such asevaluating and analyzing the significance of the lack of response (thelack of a ACK/NACK transmission 175) to a ENQ transmission(s) 160 thatcorresponds to a billing code in the integrated multimedia document 135and the ACK/NACK transmission 175. In another implementation, lack ofresponse (the lack of a ACK/NACK transmission 175) to a ENQtransmission(s) 160 that corresponds to a billing code in the integratedmultimedia document 135 are at or above a predetermined threshold of aparticular provider, is evaluated and analyzed.

Subsequently, a score is generated for a particular provider inreference to the identified responses and the identified discrepancies,at block 1230, resulting in a provider discrepancy score.

Conclusion

An architecture of workflow of multimedia objects between heterogeneouscomputer systems is described that has a technical effect offacilitating the identification of quantitative variances in themultimedia objects. Although specific implementations have beenillustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those ofordinary skill in the art that any arrangement which is calculated toachieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specificimplementations shown. This application is intended to cover anyadaptations or variations. For example, although described in proceduralterms, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate thatimplementations can be made in an object-oriented design environment orany other design environment that provides the required relationships.

In particular, one of skill in the art will readily appreciate that thenames of the methods and apparatus are not intended to limitimplementations. Furthermore, additional methods and apparatus can beadded to the components, functions can be rearranged among thecomponents, and new components to correspond to future enhancements andphysical devices used in implementations can be introduced withoutdeparting from the scope of implementations. One of skill in the artwill readily recognize that implementations are applicable to futurecommunication devices, different file systems, and new data types.

The terminology used in this application meant to include allobject-oriented, database, graphic document and communicationenvironments and alternate technologies which provide the samefunctionality as described herein.

The terminology used in this application meant to include allobject-oriented, database, graphic document and communicationenvironments and alternate technologies which provide the samefunctionality as described herein.

1. A computer that is configured to communicate with a server and asmartphone, the computer including: a computer-accessible medium toexchange information in a predetermined architecture of interchange of aplurality of form-fillable device-independent multimedia documentsbetween a plurality of heterogeneous computer systems, thecomputer-accessible medium comprising: a data capture module thatreceives an integrated form-fillable device-independent multimediadocument and extracts data from the integrated form-fillabledevice-independent multimedia document, generating extracted data; acustomer question module that receives the extracted data from the datacapture module and generates one or more queries that are encapsulatedin a corresponding number of enquiry/inquiry (ENQ) transmissions, theenquiry/inquiry (ENQ) transmissions being short-message-service textmessages; a communication subsystem that receives the enquiry/inquiry(ENQ) transmissions and that includes a customer engagement module thattransmits the enquiry/inquiry (ENQ) transmissions to the smartphone thatis associated with a customer in the enquiry/inquiry transmissions andreceives an acknowledgement transmission or a negative-acknowledgement(NACK) transmission from the smartphone, anacknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement transmission including theacknowledgement transmission or the negative-acknowledgement (NACK)transmission, the acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement transmissionbeing a short-message-service text message, and the communicationsubsystem also stores the acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgementtransmission in an external interaction database, the externalinteraction database including a healthcare provider table that has aone-to-many relationship to a superbill table, each entry or record inthe healthcare provider table includes fields describing a first name, alast name, a street, a city, a state and a zip code, each entry orrecord in the superbill table includes an identification, a memberidentification, a date of service, a patient phone, a patient firstname, a patient last name, a patient street, a patient city, a patientstate, a patient zip and a patient zip code, a patient social securitynumber, a status (open, closed or expired) and a total amount of chargesin the superbill table, the superbill table has a one-to-manyrelationship to a superbill CPT table, each entry or record in thesuperbill CPT table has an identification, a superbill identification, aCPT identification, multiplier, and a total amount of charges in thesuperbill CPT table and a CPT table that has a one-to-many relationshipto the a superbill CPT table, wherein the acknowledgement transmissionfurther comprises a single character message indicating acknowledgementof a corresponding enquiry/inquiry transmission, wherein anegative-acknowledgement transmission is not implemented, but instead anabsence of an acknowledgement transmission from the smartphone isinterpreted by the communication subsystem as a negative-acknowledgementtransmission, the server configured to control flow of a quantitativevariance from the computer to the external interaction database and tomanage the smartphone and that further includes: a variance analyticmodule that includes a server that includes a location specific servicecomponent associated with a plurality of healthcare providers thatverifies and cross-references active healthcare providers in theextracted data in reference to the healthcare provider table and thesuperbill table in the external interaction database and that verifiesand cross references patient identification in the superbill table andthe extracted data, and that retrieves theacknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement transmission from the externalinteraction database and that generates the quantitative variance fromthe acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement transmission, thequantitative variance describing statistical variances and discrepancieswithin the integrated form-fillable device-independent multimediadocument, wherein the quantitative variance is generated by analyzingdiscrepancies that are that are at or above a predetermined threshold ofa that are identified in the extracted data between a CPT code, aperformance time of a procedure of the CPT code, a priority code, asequence code in the acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgementtransmission, and from a previous response and between a CPT code, aperformance time of a procedure of the CPT code, a priority code, asequence code in the acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgementtransmission in the extracted data, in reference to a response ruletable of the external interaction database.